| 1) In "Seventh Cross" director Fred Zinnemann depicted the isolation of aconcentration camp escapee (Spencer Tracy) with MGM studio sets stepping infor actual locations – that would have been impossible at the time. In "TheSearch" he made use of a ruined Berlin to tell the story of a very youngconcentration camp survivor – a young boy separated from his mother – usingthe ruins as a metaphor for the many ruined lives.
In "Act of Violence" Zinnemann returns to the aftermath of war – this timetelling of two prisoner-of-war camp survivors, one of whom was a Nazicollaborator, the other one a vengeful fellow prisoner who takes it uponhimself to track down and kill his former friend. Cinematographer RobertSurtees makes great use of Los Angeles’ seedier parts of town – I wasreminded of how his son Bruce Surtees made similar effective use of SanFrancisco in "Dirty Harry" – this is noir at its best, not only in cinematicterms, but with those "only come out at night" characters you expect in atop notch thriller.
Mary Astor is most effective as the barfly (couldn’t make her a prostitute,though it is more than obvious) – and after her performance in the garish"Desert Fury" it’s nice to see her in black-and-white again. We first meether in a pub in which Van Heflin runs for sanctuary, the lighting there hasus admiring the way she has held up, but when we move to the harsherlighting of her apartment (the lamp hanging on a cord is unshaded), werealize that the first impression was too kind. It’s a magnificentperformance – perhaps the best that I’ve seen of her.
Barry Kroeger, whose altogether too infrequent appearances included suchnoir classics as "Cry of the City" and "Gun Crazy," makes the most of hisfew moments as an underworld "enforcer" who would be quite willing to killRyan for a price. While Ryan seems to be a man who is on the verge ofviolence at any second, barely able to restrain himself, Kroeger is evenmore chilling. His calm, rational demeanor puts him in a different class ofpredator – he’s good at what he does and he’s used to doing it, like AlanLadd’s character in "This Gun For Hire" we can be sure that when committingmurder, he feels "Fine, just fine."
Janet Leigh appears as Heflin’s wife – it’s an early turn for her, and whileit is a most stereotypically written "wifey" role, she invests it with allthat she has, but the ending is such that we have to wonder just how shewill react. Right before that we have a taut scene with Heflin about toconfront Ryan while Kroeger is watching. The tension is almost unbearable,all done through editing and camerawork and not one line ofdialogue.
Zinnemann would continue to look at war’s effects on those who came home in"The Men" as well as "Teresa" and in "Hatful Of Rain" – the man may be themost unheralded of classic film directors, but his resume includes Oscarwinners such as "High Noon" and "A Man For All Seasons" as well as suchnailbiters as this film and the original "Day of the Jackal."
2) Home from WWII, veteran Frank Enley (Van Heflin) leads a comfortablelife with his younger wife (Janet Leigh) in a small all-American town,until one day Joe Parkson (Robert Ryan), a former member from hisplatoon shows up, who seems to be out for revenge against him.
ACT OF VIOLENCE never makes it easy on you by telling who the good guyand the bad guy is: Frank may have done something wrong in the past,but is tormented by guilt (Heflin gives a great performance here),whereas Joe may be on a righteous mission, but his need for vengeanceis obsessive and blind. It introduces two radically opposed charactersand in the end makes you empathize with both of them. It’s the movieHOUSE OF SAND AND FOG tried to be, but failed.
With a strong, gripping and tense conflict like this, you hope for agreat ending. It almost delivers, but not quite: the final act wrapsthings up too neatly, it’s a screenwriter’s ending, not a real lifeone.
Nevertheless, ACT OF VIOLENCE is a greatly underrated American film.
3) This grim look a couple of demobbed soldiers continuing their private war athome rarely get mentioned in lists of essential noirs; maybe, upon releasein 1949, it was just a little too close for comfort — hinting a truths thevictorious American public were unwilling to acknowledge. If so, the filmhas yet to be rediscovered –or reappraised. Van Heflin is living out themodest American dream in sunny California when into his life strides an oldcombat buddy, Robert Ryan (at his most menacing, which is nothing to sneezeat). To his wife’s (Janet Leigh’s) consternation, Heflin takes it on thelam, and slowly we learned what happened, or may have happened, over in aPOW camp in the European Theater of War. As Heflin’s flight takes him intoseedier and more sinister surroundings, he links up with Mary Astor, livingon the vague border of prostitution. (After helping to launch the cyclewith her spectacular turn as Brigid O’Shaugnessey in The Maltese Falcon,Astor appeared in disappointingly few film noir; her expert performance heremakes one wonder why, why, why?) Though the script opts for a strange andbitter "redemptive" ending, the acrid taste of Act of Violence lingers long.
4) I caught this film on TCM recently. At first I wasn’t sure if I would likeit but was sucked in thanks to the mystery of why Van Heflin’s character wasbeing stalked by Robert Ryan. Revealing why would spoil it for most people,but I highly recommend watching the film. Quite frankly this could beanother classic Hollywood film noir, as it takes place in 1940’s LosAngeles, and includes many famous landmarks, like the extinct "Angel’sFlight."
Janet Leigh, in her fifth film, gives a fine performance as Heflin’sconcerned wife, and Mary Astor is a real delight as the woman who befriendsHeflin in his state of panic.
This would make an excellent remake today, if done in the style of "L.A.Confidential." Catch this film sometime if you can. You’ll enjoy it.
5) Van Heflin plays a land developer in Los Angeles in the booming yearsafter WW2, whom we see cutting the ribbon on a new sub-division that'sopening up. He has a beautiful young wife played by Janet Leigh whoadores everything about him and a toddler son as well. When an armybuddy played by Robert Ryan unexpectedly shows up, it throws Heflin'slittle paradise into chaos. His wartime history emerges, presenting adisturbing picture of cowardice and betrayal, things he's kept hiddenfrom everyone, including his wife, but which his own conscience andRyan as well, won't let him escape. It turns out Ryan's been trailinghim from coast to coast. Heflin's disintegration is awesome, one of thefinest acting jobs ever. It's all perfectly capped off when he's tryingto explain what happened to his unbelieving wife. He winds up on LA'sskid row, meeting a party girl who's seen much better days played byMary Astor, who gets him to confide in her and introduces him to Johnny(Berry Kroeger), someone who can arrange to have all his problems takencare of for a hefty price. The conclusion, a classic western style noirshowdown on a breezy night on the railroad tracks, is beautifully done.
6) "Act of Violence" is the penultimate noir film, containing many keyelements that made the genre so formidable. Coming a year before CarolReed's classic "The Third Man," the imagery of the tunnel as a symbolfor the search for redemption is presented already full blown by FredZinnemann. The effective utilization of urban nocturnal sounds in placeof music punctuate the mood of desperation and hopelessness like asharp knife slashing the soul asunder. What can be more lonely than adistant train whistle in the middle of a dark night? Or wind whistlingthrough the eves of houses occupied by deserted, lost individuals? Noplace is as desolate as the empty streets of a large city in the weehours of morning just before dawn. Zinnemann and his superb cameraman,Robert Surtees, provide these chilling images plus so much more.
Who can forget Frank R. Enley (Van Heflin at his best) escaping fromhis demons, not just limping Joe Parkson (Robert Ryan) or bad boyJohnny (Berry Kroeger), through a vacant tunnel screaming at the top ofhis lungs, "Don't do it, Joe…Don't…." Or the scenes of Joe runningdown oppressive stairways to get away from the specters that haunt him.His actions are not enough to justify recompense. Recompense comes onlyat the end of the film, not a closing that most would want or expect ina Hollywood film of the day, but the required one for the theme of thestory.
The entire cast of "Act of Violence" is first rate, giving performancesworthy of recognition, but veteran actress Mary Astor as the lost soul,Pat, who takes an ambivalent attitude toward Frank, runs away with theshow. She portrays despair and desperation writ large. Pat's human sidewants to help Frank, to free him of the hell hounds nipping at hisheels. But the survival part of Pat wants to throw him to the wolvesfor a pittance. A telling scene occurs when Johnny nonchalantly dashesa drink into her face for attempting to aid Frank. She reacts in animpassive manner, as if this were a daily occurrence. Pat isperennially at the mercy of men who treat her like trash. She viewslife the same way she views men.
One other performance of note comes from Taylor Holmes as Gavery, theaged shyster lawyer. Holmes makes his small part shine, becoming theepitome of an intelligent, educated professional, corrupted by greedand ego. His surroundings suggest Gavery is debarred, now living onfunds extorted or purloined from illegal activities. Johnny, played toperfection by Berry Kroeger, is a crude, immoral mental dwarf ruled byemotion and violence, a counterpart to Holmes who uses punks such asJohnny to do the dirty work and be the patsy if caught. Johnny is alsoa foil for Joe who seeks to kill Frank for moral, altruism reasons.
The script by Robert Richards from a story by Collier Young is not muchand would have withered on the vine in the hands of a journeymandirector. Fred Zinnemann and cinematographer Robert Surtees breathelife into the routine story to make it one of the best noir thrillersof them all, innovative and entertaining. A leading citizen of a smalltown, Frank Enley, is being stalked by a former army buddy, JoeParkson, because of an incident that took place in a German POW campthat led to the death of several fellow soldiers. Joe was left for deadbut miraculously survived to hunt down the informer, Frank, and killhim. Frank attempts to escape by hiding out in a seedy section of LosAngeles. He meets a fellow creature of the night, Pat, who introduceshim to a hit-man, Johnny. While drunk and out of his mind, Frank makesa deal with the devil. Realizing too late what he has done, Frankrushes to stop the inevitable.
7) This dark, unsettling film is surely too unhappy ever to have found muchaudience. But TCM’s frequent showings will find it at last a few viewersinterested in knowing some of the scarier aspects of the post-war period.Apurported war-hero lives in terror of being revealed as having informed onfellow POW’s, and by the time his traumatized accuser, Robert Ryan, hasclosed in to take vengeance, the punishment seems almost secondary to VanHeflin’s self-torment. I grew up the son of a POW, and know the dark area,not discussed openly, surrounding those soldiers who were not noble orself-sacrificing.
Robert Ryan and Van Heflin do a great job in this menacing film. Niceguy Heflin is being stalked and threatened by hot-head Ryan whopersonally blames him for cowardice and double-dealing during the war.But, since Ryan is so obviously "off his rocker", you really feel forHeflin and his family. After all, can’t he just get on with his life?But, just when you think you’ve got this movie figured out, it hits youwith some real surprises and intensity that raise it above theordinary. Also, I guess I like it because I am a sucker for movies withactors like these two men–rather ordinary looking men who simply couldact and act well. See it and see two highly under-appreciatedcraftsmen.
9) A potent, almost forgotten film from Fred Zinneman. Van Heflin is aWWII vet living the post-war dream with wife Janet Leigh until old armybuddy Robert Ryan shows up with an ax to grind. What really went onduring the war for these two men and how each acted at the time sets aoff a chain of events that has Heflin on the run, Ryan in pursuit andLeigh in a panic. ACT OF VIOLENCE touches on the same themes thatZinneman would explore later in his work: bravery; redemption;cowardice; loyalty. He would expand on these themes with the likes ofHIGH NOON, FROM HERE TO ETERNITY and, to a certain degree, JULIA.
Heflin is stellar in a role perfectly suited for his off-kilterpersonality and Ryan is every inch his malevolent match. It's notnecessarily clear who's a bad person and who isn't. Leigh holds her ownin some heady company with this early role and Mary Astor makes abrief, yet odd, appearance. It's a psychological study in the guise offilm noir.
10) "What is it, love trouble or money trouble?" a burnt-out good-time-galasks the man she just picked up in a bar. She's seen all the troublesin the world, she tells him, "And they boil down to just those two.You're broke, or you're lonely." Most noir films confirm this: the herois brought down by lust or greed or some combination of the two; by thetemptations of crime or the lure of a femme fatale. But this time theworld-weary hooker is wrong; her man's problem has nothing to do withlove or money. It has to do with the war, when, as the man tells hiswife, "A lot of things happened…that you don't understand."
World War II is an undercurrent in many post-war noirs. A generation ofmen had faced violence and death; they couldn't settle back into theirostentatiously wholesome communities, and they were all too ready topull out their service revolvers to solve peacetime problems. ACT OFVIOLENCE offers the most direct analysis of the war as a source of noirangst, becoming both one of the best examples of the genre and one ofthe best films about the effects of war. Four years after America'svictory, it was still daring to admit that not all of our boys behavedhonorably overseas, and that our prosperity might rest on corruptfoundations.
Frank Enley (Van Heflin) is a perfect image of postwar success, a warhero with a thriving business, a nice house in the suburbs, a beautifulwife and a young son. This idyll of fishing trips and checkered apronsis invaded by Joe Parkson (Robert Ryan), a creepy, limping,gun-wielding, apparently deranged stalker. He was with Frank in thearmy and in a P.O.W. camp, and holds a mysterious, murderous grudgeagainst him. The first part of the movie plays like a horror film,using magnified sounds–especially the slow, shuffling drag ofParkson's lame leg–in eerie stillness to heighten suspense. As welearn more about what really happened in the war, the black-and-whitescenario of threatened innocence unfolds into a complex moral puzzle.Can desperate circumstances or good intentions mitigate an act ofbetrayal and moral cowardice? Is violent revenge ever justified?
Robert Ryan starts out in typical form: intense, tightly-wound, scary,seething with hate. But we also get to glimpse the suffering and moraloutrage that underlie his tortured obsession. His anger might berighteous, but he's still a figure of terror. Van Heflin has the richerpart, and he reveals the full measure of his under-appreciatedbrilliance. He doesn't look like a movie star–he was well described as"attractively homely"–and he doesn't act like a movie star either.He's so transparent and direct; he never advertises what he's doing.Like Arthur Kennedy, he specialized in ambiguity, playing nice guyswith something shifty and unreliable about them, or unscrupulous heelswith decent cores. Here he evolves from an amiable pillar of thecommunity to a man so sick with self-loathing that he can hardly standup straight.
In a classic noir trajectory, he moves from the sunny suburbs to thewasteland of an urban night, where the desolate streets around L.A.'sAngel's Flight mirror his state of mind. (The suburbs too have darkshadows and unsettling overtones, like the background motif of theEnleys' baby screaming behind the bars of his crib or playpen, trappedand helpless as his father.) At the end of his rope, Frank meets afriendly, worn-out barfly (a shockingly weathered and tawdry MaryAstor.) Astor works wonders with a clichéd part, all nervous tics andgenerosity pinched by fear and bad memories. She keeps talking about"getting her kicks"–it's all she has left. "Gee, there's no law saysyou gotta be happy."
In this seedy underworld, the man with the tortured conscience meets aman with no conscience, a killer-for-hire with a smooth voice andplump, evil face (Barry Kroeger) who plays the part of Satan, temptingFrank to get rid of his problem the easiest way. Heflin manages toretain sympathy for his weak and sometimes despicable character,through the honesty and vividness of his anguish. Fred Zinneman keepsthe suspense mounting through taut, spare direction: no excessive musicor flashy visuals or extraneous flourishes, just a relentless focus onthe collision courses of the main characters, who include Frank's wife(the girlish, gorgeous Janet Leigh) and Parkson's girlfriend (PhyllisThaxter), who doesn't want her man to be a murderer.
What would you do if you were starving, literally fighting forsurvival, and you had a chance to save yourself? What if you had donesomething terrible and knew that only one living witness knew about it?What if you were that witness? There are no easy answers in this movie,which attacks the popular notion that when a war is over it's over, andpeople can just get on with their lives. An "act of violence" is neverthe end, it always leads to another. |